PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.